Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2023
Journal Title
Molecular Metabolism
Volume Number
79
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101857
Version
Publisher PDF: the final published version of the article, with professional formatting and typesetting
Disciplines
Engineering
Abstract
Objective: Long-term high-level exercise training leads to improvements in physical performance and multi-tissue adaptation following changes in molecular pathways. While skeletal muscle baseline differences between exercise-trained and untrained individuals have been previously investigated, it remains unclear how training history influences human multi-omics responses to acute exercise. Methods: We recruited and extensively characterized 24 individuals categorized as endurance athletes with >15 years of training history, strength athletes, or control subjects. Timeseries skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from M. vastus lateralis at three time-points after endurance or resistance exercise was performed, and multi-omics molecular analysis performed. Results: Our analyses revealed distinct activation differences of molecular processes such as fatty- and amino acid metabolism and transcription factors such as HIF1A and the MYF-family. We show that endurance athletes have an increased abundance of carnitine-derivates while strength athletes increase specific phospholipid metabolites compared to control subjects. Additionally, for the first time, we show the metabolite sorbitol to be substantially increased with acute exercise. On a transcriptional level, we show that acute resistance exercise stimulates more gene expression than acute endurance exercise. This follows a specific pattern, with endurance athletes uniquely down-regulating pathways related to mitochondria, translation, and ribosomes. Finally, both forms of exercise training specialize in diverging transcriptional directions, differentiating themselves from the transcriptome of the untrained control group. Conclusions: We identify a “transcriptional specialization effect” by transcriptional narrowing and intensification, and molecular specialization effects on the metabolomic level. Additionally, we performed multi-omics network and cluster analysis, providing a novel resource of skeletal muscle transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in highly trained and untrained individuals.
Digital USD Citation
Reitzner, Stefan M.; Emanuelsson, Eric B.; Arif, Muhammad; Kaczkowski, Bogumil; Kwon, Andrew TJ.; Mardinoglu, Adil; Arner, Erik; Chapman, Mark A.; and Sundberg, Carl Johan, "Molecular Profiling of High-Level Athlete Skeletal Muscle After Acute Exercise: A Systems Biology Approach" (2023). School of Engineering: Faculty Scholarship. 37.
https://digital.sandiego.edu/engineering_facpub/37
